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What to Look For in an Undergraduate Essay Sample

What to Look For in an Undergraduate Essay SampleChoosing to go into a particular field, as a University student or as an independent student is a major decision. A good undergraduate essay sample is one way to help make your decision easier. As with everything, it pays to do some research before you commit to something.Students in upper level courses such as law and medicine, for example, often have to choose between science, math, history, English, and so on. By taking a look at undergraduate essay samples, a potential student can see what is required of them and to help decide whether or not the particular course they are interested in is right for them.How many hours of study are required? Are they required for a specific course or just something to get a leg up on the competition? Will this be something that will only help them, as opposed to their future employer? There are so many questions, it is difficult to find an answer that works best for all students.It should be noted that a sample does not need to be something that will be used by a specific audience. While a school may be expected to provide these for their student, this does not mean that they will.You can find samples in magazine articles, professional publications, online forums, blog posts, etc. Whatever avenue you choose, make sure that you are comparing what they offer to what you would be receiving, if they were offering it.When applying for jobs or internships, they do not necessarily send it to you. This is especially true for business schools and universities. The college you apply to can also not provide a sample since it is typically more of a guideline.When choosing a topic for a research paper, the actual paper will not be submitted until at least the beginning of the academic year. There is still time to take a look at any sample essays that are offered and figure out what you want to use to form your thoughts and write your own essay. Many of the classes online also offer these as part of their syllabus.

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 976 Words

Buzz Aldrin once said, â€Å"I think the American Dream used to be achieving one s goals in your field of choice - and from that, all other things would follow. Now, I think the dream has morphed into the pursuit of money: Accumulate enough of it, and the rest will follow.† The American Dream is a way for people to start over and have opportunities to become successful and achieve their dreams. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald writes a story of enormous wealth, from old money in East Egg, to new money in West Egg. Gatsby Lives in West Egg, while Tom and Daisy live in East Egg. Fitzgerald writes about three characters in which have trouble finding true happiness with themselves and others without flashing their money†¦show more content†¦One day Gatsby meets his new neighbor Nick Caraway. Nick is a cousin of Daisy, and so Gatsby uses this to his advantage to get to her. He asks him through different people, as Jordan Baker tells Nick, â€Å"She’s not t o know about it. Gatsby doesn’t want her to know. You’re supposed to invite her to tea.† (79). Gatsby avoids asking Nick himself because he wants to stroll in and see daisy. When Nick finds out he asks Daisy to tea, immediately Gatsby has his gardeners mow Nick’s lawn, as well as having extremely nice flowers sent over. When Daisy arrives the next day Gatsby strolls in and it is very awkward between the two. After a while Nick leaves for a little bit. After he gets back he finds Gatsby and Daisy having a great time. Then they both go over to Gatsby’s mansion. Gatsby starts flaunting his shirts around and how nice they are and daisy says, â€Å"They’re such beautiful shirts,† she sobbed, her voice muffled in the thick folds. â€Å"It makes me sad because I’ve never seen such-such beautiful shirts before.† (92). In this quote Daisy is overwhelmed with the really nice shirts. Gatsby is finding different ways to flaunter his money. True happiness doesn’t always come with money, and showboating. Tom Buchanan, the husband of Daisy Fay, is an extremely wealthy man from Chicago. Tom loves to throw around his money. For example,â€Å"... and the day before the wedding he gave her a

Essay on Business Basics - 1594 Words

Assignment II: Business Basics Biogen Idec Biogen Idec is a global biotechnology company focused on discovering, developing, manufacturing and marketing therapies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and haemophilia. Biogen Idec was formed in 2003 from the merger of two companies, Biogen Inc., founded in 1978, and IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, founded in 1985. It is one of the largest biotechnology companies in the world. Biogen Idec covers the entire value chain, from RD to worldwide sales. Biogen Idec displayed strong operational, commercial and financial performance in 2006. However, new market opportunities and the challenges of the next decade have led the†¦show more content†¦Biogen Idec currently has 17 drugs in late stage development (Phase II or higher), some of which are new uses for preexisting drugs like Rituxan and Tysabri. This means that in the next 5 to 7 years, less than 17 new products will be launched. Because the company has few compelling drugs in late stage development, it will likely continue to rely heavily on expanding its current product line, namely its moneymakers Avonex and Rituxan, for the next 5 to 12 years. To complement its research and development division, Biogen Idec also plans to invest $200 million annually to acquire new products, as it did with Fumaderm in June 2006. Looking at financial ratios can help you determine the effectiveness of your business operations. The main areas/ratio that I have focussed on and which I guess are important for apprehending the current situation of a company is listed below: Current Ratio 1.93 Earnings per share 6.74 P/E Ratio 33.91 Book value per share 33.24 Market Capitalization 53.52 Return on assets 16.18 Current ratio: This is the ratio of Total Current Assets for the most recent interim period divided by Total Current Liabilities for the same period. It covers the current liabilities of a company .The higher the current ratio, the more capable the company is of paying its obligations. The current ratio of Biogen is lower than the industry average. It need to either increase current assets or reduce current liabilities. MakingShow MoreRelatedBasic Features That Distinguish The Four Basic Forms Of Business Ownership Essay887 Words   |  4 Pages1. Describe the basic features that distinguish the four basic forms of business ownership: sole proprietorships, general partnerships, C corporations, and limited liability companies. Sole proprietorships are a business that is owned and managed by a single individual. This is a simple extension of the owner. General partnership gives each partner the right to participate in the company’s management and their funds. However, they are all responsible for any debt that is acquired. 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Auditing and Assurance for Management - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAuditing and Assurance for Management and Governance. Answer: Introduction AMP Limited is one of the Australia and New Zealand's well established and independent wealth management financial institution. The firm is increasing its international investment and is also strategically growing its retail banking activities in Australia. The main aim of this firm is to provide financial as well as other products and services related advice to people as well as other organizations in order to build their financial security. Other than Australia and New Zealand the company is serving in different continents like Asia, North America, and Europe and also in the Middle Eastern Countries(AMP, 2017). This report presents the risk analysis of AMP Limited. For doing risk analysis, various steps have been followed. This includes understanding nature of entity, the Industry in which company operates, the legal environment, and external environmental factors. In addition, report also discusses about AMPs financial performance, management and governance, objectives and strateg ies. Understanding Nature of the entity Business operations AMP Limited exists in the financial industry from last 160 years. AMP Limited has grown their business in the last decades and has become one of the leading specialists in wealth management in countries like Australia and New Zealand. The main business operation that is carried on by the AMP Limited is providing financial advices to their customers, providing investment products like retirement income, superannuation etc., to its customers as well as to its businesses. Its business operation also covers life insurance, and also income protection. Its operation also undertakes administration activities and also provides banking and investment services. The company also helps its customers with investing in shares and also in properties and infrastructure, etc.(AMP, 2017). Investment and Investment Activities AMP Limited undertakes various investment activities for their clients. They undertake investment activities in the field of real estate, shares and equities, infrastructure and other various multi-assets portfolios. To undertake these investment activities the company collaborates with several other international investment partners in order to get access to various other new investment opportunities that are available in the global market(Mason, 2017). Finance and Financial Activities The AMP Limited has more than 5400 employees and more than 8 lakh shareholders attached to the company and the companymanages over 220 billion dollars worth assets. The company provides financial products and also solutions related to financial matters to their customers. The company undertakes this activity with the help of a number of financial advisors who have vast experience and knowledge on financial matters so that the customers can benefit to the maximum level. AMP is considered to be the market leader when it comes to financial advices. The AMP Limiteds financial services acquire a leading position in the market when it comes to wealth protection as well as wealth management(Infopub, 2016). Financial Reporting Practices High performing organizations in order to evaluate their annual performance as well as to comply with the regulations and showcase their achievements to their customers practice the system of financial reporting. In this financial reporting the AMP Limited has discussed about its vision, mission and goals; what all are the strengths of the company and in what field the company is dealing as well as prospering. The profits that the company has earned and the taxes that the company has paid everything are discussed in this financial report(AMP Group Finance Services Limited, 2016). Understanding the Industry Industry size The banking and finance industry forms an important part of the Australian economy. The financial service sector of Australia is one of the largest contributors of the economy. It contributes nearly $140 billion to the Australian GDP over the last few years(Fintech, 2017). Industry Growth Financial sector plays a major role in reshaping the growth of the country. It increases the capitalinvestment for the economy as a whole by entering into partnership with the business and the government. The financial system of Australia has been able to mobilize the savings of the people and gave them a direction to invest their money in the market to boost capital formation of the country. So, it can be said that banking and financial sector plays a very important role to boost the growth of the country as a whole(FSI, 2014). Industry supply chain The financial sector has started to adoptthe concept of supply chain management. The supply chain has come from the well-established concept of supply chain in the trading world. The banking and financial sector supply chain involves the payments side of the business, which includes the transactions starting from the purchase order till the final settlement is done. The main importance of adopting the supply chain management is that know the banking and the financial institutions will be able to take an informed decision and work accordingly(Britz, 2007). Major players The major banking and financial institution players of Australia includes the Bank of Queensland, one of the oldest in Queensland; Bendigo and Adelaide Bank; Bankwest, is a full service bank which is based in Perth; Suncorp Group Limited, one of the largest banks of Australia; AMP Bank Limited, offers financial services and is opening its subsidiaries worldwide(Business Review Australia, 2014). Market shares of industry players The market share of the major banks in Australia has seen to be increasing the past few years. Their market share has been increased from 65.4 per cent in 2007 to 78/5 per cent in the year 2014 and since it has shown an upward trend in the market share(FSI, 2017). Critical success factors The major critical success factors of banking and financial institutions are tracking the results that are outcomes of marketing efforts. Communicating the brand in front of the companysemployees as well as customers. Focusing on the ever-changing needs of the people and offering them services accordingly. Also make proper utilization of the resources available and the recent technologies are some of the major critical success factors(Wagner, 2017). Major Threats The major threats that comes in front of the banking and the financial institutions is that the banks are not able to make enough money as they are not getting their return on investment properly as well as the return on equity. The competition is increasing day by day because of the opening up of the financial technologies companies in the market. The regulatory pressures are other threats to the banking industry as they have to spend a large part of their income to comply with the norms of the government. References AMP Group Finance Services Limited, 2016. Directors report and Financial report for the year ended 31 December 2016. [Online] Available at: https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/OTC_AMLTY_2016.pdf [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. AMP, 2017. Anout AMP. [Online] Available at: https://www.amp.com.au/amp/about-amp [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. Britz, M.B., 2007. Banks Starting to Embrace Concept of Financial Supply Chain Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.banktech.com/payments/banks-starting-to-embrace-concept-of-financial-supply-chain-management/d/d-id/1291166? [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. Business Review Australia, 2014. Top 10 Banks In Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/leadership/1364/Top-10-Banks-In-Australia [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. Fintech, 2017. The strength of Australias financial sector. [Online] Available at: https://fintech.treasury.gov.au/the-strength-of-australias-financial-sector/ [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. FSI, 2014. Financing Australias Growth. [Online] Available at: https://fsi.gov.au/files/2014/04/Industry_Super_Australia_2014.pdf [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. FSI, 2017. Banking sector. [Online] Available at: https://fsi.gov.au/publications/interim-report/02-competition/banking-sector/ [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. Infopub, 2016. AMP Group Finance Services Limited. [Online] Available at: https://infopub.sgx.com/FileOpen/AMP%20GFS%20FY15%20Directors%20Report%20and%20Financials.ashx?App=AnnouncementFileID=398722 [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. Mason, P., 2017. Directors Report and Financial Report for the half year ended 30 June 2009. [Online] Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjD2PXxj8LWAhXKOI8KHW8fCcAQFggnMAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fphx.corporate-ir.net%2FExternal.File%3Fitem%3DUGFyZW50SUQ9NDc2MzMxfENoaWxkSUQ9NTA4ODMzfFR5cGU9MQ%3D%3D%26t%3D1u [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. Wagner, N., 2017. The Key Success Factors in Financial Services. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/key-success-factors-financial-services-63370.html [Accessed 26 sept 2017].

School Violence, Its Causes and Prevention

School violence has become an international issue in education systems because it has affected not only delivery of educational services, but also lives of students. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on School Violence, Its Causes and Prevention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since education systems in various countries aim at enhancing intellectual capacity and shaping development of behaviors in society, it is critical in development of a peaceful and prosperous society, which relies on values and ethics. School violence is a global phenomenon for various studies show that due to globalization, developing countries are now experiencing high incidences of school violence signifying that they are adopting trends in developed countries. However, education systems play significant role in unifying diverse society as it provides a platform where children socialize and share different values of society and be come assimilated into diverse society. According to Benbenishty and Astor, school violence is a global issue that needs concerted interventions from various countries and stakeholders in formulation of theories and policies to avert increasing trends of violence in schools (75). Therefore, how can functionalism and conflict theory help us understand the nature of school violence? According conflict theory, violence is an inherent and natural tendency of human beings as it provides means of struggling and achieving resources. People in the society are constantly struggling to a achieve resources such as power, class, and status to keep abreast with social, economic, and political dynamics that shape lives. Smith argues that, most social conflicts emanate from unequal distribution of resources; power, class, and status, hence making people to struggle endlessly and eventually resort to violence as a means of achieving the resources (216). In schools, there exists inequality among s tudents and staff. Given that there is great power, class, and status difference between staff and students, it gives a potential source of conflict. Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sometimes tension occurs between student leaders and ordinary students due to power difference thus creating a conflict among students; moreover, students at times direct their aggressive behavior towards staff. Thus, existence of power, class, and status in schools forms the basis of violence that normally erupts many a times. Functionalist theory perceives a society as a social system that depends on certain critical functions for society to survive sustainably and stand the test of time. Therefore, since schools are social entities that function independently, they are social systems that need certain critical functions for them to run efficiently. According to Davis, for a social system to f unction effectively and efficiently, it requires appropriate allocation of roles and performance (4). In schools, if there is poor allocation of roles that consequently results into poor performance, it affects functions of schools as a social system and in turn elicits conflict. This means that if administration fails to show appropriate leadership or students fail to obey leadership, conflicts arise. Thus, stalled functions due to insufficient leadership results into violence in schools. Conclusively, violence in schools occurs due to unequal distribution of resources such as power, class, and status. Inequality in schools is the chief source of violence because conflicting parties will try to use violence as a means of achieving the scarce resources. Therefore, so long as there is inequality of resources in schools, violence is eminent. In addition, poor administration of schools as social systems that require stringent allocation of roles and regulation of responsibilities res ults into conflicts and violence. Therefore, to avert rising cases of school violence across the world, education systems should ensure that there is equal distribution of resources and effective administration of schools. Works Cited Benbenishty, Rami and Astor, Ron. School Violence in an International Context: A CallAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on School Violence, Its Causes and Prevention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More for Global Collaboration in Research and Prevention. International Journal of Violence and School, 4.6 (2008): 59-81. Davis, Kingsley. Functionalist Theory. Sociological Studies, 2009: 1-12. Smith, Allan. Theory Cumulation and Schools of Thought: Conflict and Critical Theories. Sociology, 2007: 211-241. This research paper on School Violence, Its Causes and Prevention was written and submitted by user Brooklynn Barlow to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Concept of Product Life Cycle Essays

Concept of Product Life Cycle Essays Concept of Product Life Cycle Paper Concept of Product Life Cycle Paper Essay Topic: Marketing The concept of the product life cycle (PLC) is one of major tools used in developing marketing strategy. This theory is more and more popular in recent years, because many marketers desire for a tool to help them understand the products development which means all products have their own life time as they eventually decline and disappear. Based on that understanding of the product, the marketers can adapt their marketing strategy and find a new product to replace the dying one. According to Brassington and Pettitt (2003), the PLC concept explains the life of a product in terms of birth, growth, maturity, decline and eventual death which is based on the assumption that the product has a life like a human. During its life, the product goes through different stages, and in each stage it has different performance in the market which includes different market growth rates and different competitive conditions. This implies the marketer must set up different marketin g strategy for each stage to suit for the development of product. The aim of this essay is to discuss the concept of product life cycle which can give the marketer some basic information about this popular concept. Firstly, the general background of the product life cycle is given which includes the concept and the stages of PLC. Secondly, the strengths and weaknesses of the product life cycle are discussed. At the same time, some recommendations to mitigate the negative influences of the product life cycle are presented. Finally, a general conclusion is draw. Concept of Product Life Cycle The concept of PLC is a useful marketing tool to describe the change of the sale for the product during its lifetime. According to Armstrong and Kotler (2000), product life cycle (PLC) is the course of a products sales and profits over its lifetime. The product life cycle is a useful concept to describe how products develop from first introduction into the market to eventual obsolescence. The theory is that products, like living things, have a natural life cycle beginning with introduction, going through a growth phase, reaching maturity, then going into decline, and finally becoming obsolete (Blythe, J. 2001). The classic PLC involves four distinct stages: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline (Jobber, D. 1998). But Blythe (2001) thought there are five major stages of PLC, which are product development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. In this essay, the product development is introduced firstly which is seen as the first and necessary stage in product development process. The reason is explained in the following section. At the product development stage, it begins when the company recognises the customer need for a special product. Then the company design and develop the new-product idea based on that demand. During the stage of product development, sales are zero and the companys investment costs mount (Armstrong, G. and Korler, P. 2000). Although it seems useless to analyse the sale and cost in this stage, it is still a very important part of a product life cycle. Its length will affect the whole cycle in some way. Then, the product enter into introduction stage which the company push the product into markets. In this stage, only the marketers understand the characteristics of this stage, they can make the right decision about the product strategy which is suitable for the new product. Because the recognition of customer for the new product needs a period, this introduction stage is a period of slow sales growth as the product is just introduced in the market. Profits are negative because of the low sales and the huge expense in advertising and promotion. Advertising and promotion are the key activities for business to attract the customer to try the new product. That huge investment is reasonable and necessary. And also the company needs to consider the investment to attract the distributors and build the inventory. At the same time, it is few competitors at this stage. If the new product satisfies the market, it will enter a growth stage, which is a period of rapid market acceptance and increasing profits (Armstrong, G. and Korler, P. 2000). At the beginning of this stage, the sale and profit grow quickly. More and more customers accept the product and buy it, the investment of promotion and advertising is lower than the introduction stage. And market share is increased accordingly and quickly. At the same time, more and more companies recognise the product has big profit. Therefore, more and more competitors enter into this market. After the development of the market, profits may become to decline in the end period of growth stage as more competitors enter the market, driving prices down and creating the need for heavy promotional expenses (Jobber, D. 1998). In this stage, company has to choose between the high market share and high profit when they make the strategy decision. Fourthly, when the sale growth is slowdown, the product enters to the maturity stage of its PLC because the product has achieved acceptance by most potential buyers. Dibb and Simkin (1997) thought that this stage is characterized by severe competition, with many brands in the market. Competitors use many different strategies to gain the market share such as product improvements, advertising, sales promotion, dealer discount and price cutting. Finally, decline stage is the period when sales show fall off and profits erode (Armstrong, G. and Korler, P. 2000). According to Jobber (1998), sales and profits fall during this stage as new technology or changes in consumer tastes work to reduce demand for the product. In this stage, the market lost interest in this product and the companies are unable to up-grade and support it. Therefore, marketers may cut promotion efforts, eliminate distributors, and finally plan to walk out from this market. However, not all products follow the classic product life cycle which explained above. There are variations of the product life cycle. Some of the products may have more than five stages and more fluctuant curves. For example, the high-tech products which are more than one S-Shape curve. This type of product can be up-grated and development many times which lead the sales and profit up and down. When the customer accepts the product, the profits fall. When the product has been developed and improved, the profits rise. With the continuous process of products development and customers acceptance, the profits keep rising and falling such as computers, mobile phones. Although different products have different product life cycle and different products move through their life cycle at different speed, the theory of PLC still seem as a very useful method to help marketers identify the sales trends and plan appropriate marketing strategy and activities. Strengths and Weakness of PLC The product life cycle is a common and popular marketing concept that it appears at every standard marketing text. The strengths of the PLC are very obvious. Firstly, based on the theory of Jobber (1998) the PLC is benefit for the product planning. It can help marketers to develop product marketing strategy and it is also used as a forecasting model. PLC can forecast the future development of market and product which is big competitive advantage when the companies plan their marketing strategy for the product in every stage. However when the companies use the PLC concept to forecast product sale or to develop marketing strategies, they find many problems in practices (Korler, P. Armstrong, G. Saunders, J. and Wong, V. 1996). It is not easy to identify which stage of the PLC the product is in, especially the definitions of each stage is not very standard which could lead the confusion between stages. This is the precondition that the PLC concept can perform correctly. When the product enter to the next stage of PLC, if the company can not notices, the marketing strategy and plan will not appropriate for the new stage of the produce. Only when they recognise the change in PLC, they can make the right strategy based on the analysis for the crucial factors in the new stage. And in practice, it is difficult to forecast the sales level at each PLC stage, the length of each stage and the shape of the PLC curve (Jobber, D. 1998). The basic reason is this PLC concept can not help the marketer to understand the product and market in detail. It is theoretic and unclear. Secondly, the strength of PLC as a coordinating tool is to help marketers to coordinate 4Ps which include product, price, promotions and place. Thirdly, the PLC also can remand the marketers to pay more attention to the development of the product and its market. It warns the marketers that the product would not grow continually forever (Jobber, D. 1998). Normally, there is a danger that management may have high emotion in a particular product. The PLC can help the company understand that the product has its own lift cycle which means the company have to face the face that products need to be terminated and new products need to be developed to replace them. It also tells them that at the introduction stage, the phenomenon that the sale is low and expense is high are reasonable which is unnecessary to panic or give up. It is good for companies to recognise the realistic market, not through the book records only. Nevertheless, there are some weaknesses about the PLC. Although in the above, some of the problems are discussed. The following section explains very detailed concepts. Firstly, according to Jobber (1998), the duration of the PLC stages is unpredictable which is very difficult for marketer to identify the stages of product. The PLC outlines the four or five stages during a product life without defining their duration. Blythe (2001) states that the PLC is useful to describe what is happening, but is not much use for predicting what is going to happen, since it is virtually impossible to tell how long the maturity phase will continue. This weakness makes it difficult to use this concept as a decision-making tool because marketers can not easily know which part of the product life cycle the product currently in. The solution of this problem is to find a comparable product which seems as a template for predicting the length of each stage. There are two sources of comparable products. One is same product has already been on the market which is in other countries. The other one is that the similar products are in the mature or decline stages of their life cycle but they are thought to resemble the new product in terms of consumer acceptance . Of course, when the marketer use the comparable product to analyse their own product, it still many problems in reality, such as the different the economic and social conditions of countries which may effect the result of the analysis and make it invalid to transfer the duration of the stages from one country to another. Secondly, Jobber (1998) notes that the critics argue that the stylized marketing objectives and strategy prescriptions can be misleading. It is very difficult to predict how long the product will move from one stage to another stage in its life cycle. Because the products, companies and market are different, the length of the PLC is diverse. The problem is that the length of the PLC is affected by many factors which include the pace of change in the external environment and the companys marketing strategy of the product throughout its life (Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. 2003). The companys objective and capability to make the correct marketing strategy in each stage of PLC for the product and to communicate effectively and efficiently with the consumers, and its method to develop and refresh its product will all affect how the PLC in some way. Thirdly, the weakness of PLC is that there is no common shape (Doyle, P. 1994). Through the analysis the data from different products, it is very clear that the PLC has not standard curve at all. In the real unstable markets, not all products follow the classic S-shaped PLC (Lancaster, G. and Massingham, L. 1993). Sometimes, although two brand products seem as same, they are in different types of PLC. Many factors determine the types of PLC for the product, which include the external environment changes and the strategy change of the company or the competitors. It is easy for marketers to analyse which curve their product belong to which lead confusion when companies use this theory to analyse their product. Fourthly, according to Doyle (1994), PLC has not clear implication which is a weakness every marketer knows. Although PLC concept defines the stages of the product life cycle for the common products and list all of the characteristics for each stage. But for some cases, the tradition has been proved as inaccurate. Some of the products have different characteristics compare with the tradition concept which will mislead the marketers conclusion about the products development. Finally, there is another weakness of the PLC has been revealed that PLC is a product-orientated concept. More and more marketers recognise the marketing is about how to satisfy the customers need. The company should pay more attention to analyse the change of the customers need, rather than focus on its products development. In other words, focusing on the product like the concept of PLC the company might not understand other key concepts of marketing such as the 7P. Product is just one of the important things of marketing, but not the core one. For the modern age, customer is the core thing that the company should focus on. Therefore, for the marketers, they need focus on the factors cause the change of the product stage not the PLC. Because of so many uncertain factors in the concept of PLC, some experts debate that PLC is a useless tool in reality. As Cowell (1984) state that it is not surprising that the life cycle concept has critics. Some attempts to derive the conventional S-shaped curve of the cycle with its stages of introduction, growth, maturity and decline have not been altogether convincing. In fact, some theoreticians have even suggested that the concept of PLC should be forgotten altogether (Dhalla and Yuspeh, 1976). Carman and Langeard (1979) argue that using the life cycle concept to build a product portfolio in services contexts is not very helpful. All those debates suggest that the concept of PLC is still immature and it still need to improve. Conclusion In conclusion, the product life cycle is a marketing tool, which is an aid for managerial decision-making. It can help marketers to do planning and think strategically. However, it also has many weaknesses which affect the practicability of the concept. Therefore, marketing managers must monitor the real changes that are happening in the marketplace before setting up the appropriate objectives and strategies for marketing. Using the PLC concept to develop marketing strategy can also be difficult because strategy is both a cause and a result of the products life cycle (Armstrong, G. and Korler, P. 2000). The products current PLC position suggests the best marketing strategies and the resulting marketing strategies affect product performance in later life-cycle stages. Of course, when it is used carefully by the marketers who understand it clearly, the PLC concept still a very useful theory in developing good marketing strategies for different stages in the product life cycle anyway.